CONTENTS
|
Abstract and Citation |
737a |
Illustrations |
List |
Introduction |
below |
| A. | Linguistic framework |
738 |
|
I. | Phonemes-to-speech conversion |
739 |
| A. | Early synthesizers: Copying speech |
741 |
| | 1. | The source-filter theory of speech generation |
742 |
| | 2. | Models of the vocal tract transfer function |
742 |
| | 3. | Models of the voicing source |
744 |
| | 4. | Articulatory models |
747 |
| | 5. | Automatic analysis/resynthesis of natural waveforms |
749 |
| B. | Acoustic properties of phonetic segments |
749 |
| C. | Segmental synthesis-by-rule programs |
752 |
| | 1. | Formant-based rule programs |
752 |
| | 2. | Articulation-based rule programs |
756 |
| | 3. | Rule compilers |
757 |
| | 4. | Concatenation systems |
758 |
| D. | Prosody and sentence-level phonetic recoding |
759 |
| | 1. | Intensity rules |
760 |
| | 2. | Duration rules |
760 |
| | 3. | Fundamental frequency rules |
761 |
| | 4. | Allophone selection |
763 |
|
II. | Text-to-phonemes conversion |
767 |
| A. | Text formatting |
768 |
| B. | Letter-to-phoneme conversion |
768 |
| | 1. | Prediction of lexical stress from orthography |
771 |
| | 2. | Exceptions to the rules |
772 |
| | 3. | Morphemic decomposition |
772 |
| | 4. | Proper names |
773 |
| C. | Syntactic analysis |
773 |
| D. | Semantic analysis |
774 |
|
III. | Hardware implementation |
775 |
|
IV. | Perceptual evaluation of text-to-speech systems |
775 |
| A. | Intelligibility of isolated words |
776 |
| B. | Intelligibility of words in sentences |
777 |
| C. | Reading comprehension |
777 |
| D. | Naturalness |
778 |
| E. | Suitability for a particular application |
778 |
|
V. | Special applications |
779 |
| A. | Talking aids for the vocally handicapped |
779 |
| B. | Training aids |
780 |
| C. | Reading aids for the blind |
780 |
| D. | Medical applications |
780 |
|
VI. | Conclusions |
781 |
| Acknowledgments |
783 |
| Appendix: Demonstration |
783 |
| Notes |
786 |
| Bibliography |
Bibl. |
|