FIG. 19.  According to Holmes et al. (1964), specification of formant motions for a simple vowel, such as the of "God," is a two-step process: (1) Select target values for the vowel, dotted lines, and (2) use the locus theory, dashed lines, to compute smooth straight-line transitions from adjacent consonant loci toward the vowel target, solid lines. If the vowel is short, the target formant positions may never be reached (lower panel).