BELL TELEPHONE LABORATORIES (BTL) - continued

3. ADDITIONAL SUBJECTS


CONTENTS:

Surveys and Histories

Science Teaching Aids

Computer Voice Response

Work to be identified


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PROJECT: SURVEYS AND HISTORIES


1955 Dudley, H., "Fundamentals of speech synthesis", J. Audio
     Engr. Soc., 3, 170-185 (1955)  (B)

1965 Flanagan, J.L., SPEECH ANALYSIS, SYNTHESIS AND PERCEPTION,
     Springer-Verlag, Berlin (1965). Expanded second edition,
     1972. (I)

1972 Flanagan, J.L., "Voices of men and machines", J. Acoust.
     Soc. Amer., 51, 1375-1387 (1972). Early and current
     speech synthesis techniques.  (B)

1973 SPEECH SYNTHESIS: Benchmark Papers in Acoustics, J. L.
     Flanagan and L.R. Rabiner, Eds., Dowden, Hutchinson, and
     Ross, Inc., Stroudsburg, 1973. (B - a source for this history)


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PROJECT: BELL SYSTEM AIDS TO HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE PROGRAMS


Material prepared by Bell Telephone Laboratories and distributed
through local Telephone Business Offices.


1963 "Speech Synthesis: An Experiment in Electronic Speech
     Production", C. H. Coker, P.B. Denes, and E.N. Pinson,
     133pp. Text on speech synthesis with kit of parts for
     constructing a 3-series-formant vowel synthesizer. The kit
     lacks spectral correction for missing higher formants (see
     FANT 1956 in RIT outline), which makes the sounds somewhat
     "buzzy" because the pulse voice source dominates. 

     SSSHP 113 & 170 Artifact: Kits with text in SSSHP collection.


1963 THE SPEECH CHAIN, P. B. Denes and E. N. Pinson. Discussion
     of speech perception and production, speech recognition and
     synthesis. (Copy in SSSHP collection.)

     Film: "The Speech Chain", to accompany text, 16mm, 19 min.
           Available as free loan from local Telephone Business
           Offices.

           Copy?

     Record: "Computer Speech". 33 1/3 rpm, 5-min record.

           Is this tape T61.5 from BTL Kelly/Gerstman work?


     List of demonstration kits for purchase from designated
     vendors.


     1) Delayed Speech Feedback Demonstration (Std. tape recorder
        with added delayed speech feedback amplifier, microphone,
        headphones. $218.00)

     2) Degraded Speech Demonstration (Filtering and shaping
        circuits produce oscilloscope display. $106.75)

     3) Artificial Larynx Demonstration (Electro-mechanical sound
        source approximating larynx waveform. Plastic tube with
        plunger for simulating vowel sounds. $46.74)

     4) Formant-Separating Filter Demonstration (800 cycles per
        second low pass filter for oscilloscope display of first
        formant. $59.00)


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PROJECT: COMPUTER VOICE RESPONSE


Assembly of words stored as analog signals on a drum.


1970 Trupp, R.D., "Computer-controlled message synthesis", Bell
     Lab. Record, 175-180 (June/July 1970).  (B)

     Tape?


Assembly and modification of words stored as formant parameters.


Automatic formant analysis of speech on a computer facility using
Fourier transform and computation of cepstrum.  Formant synthesis
via DAC or attached formant synthesizer, with modification of
pitch and timing.


1970 Flanagan, J.L., C.H. Coker, L.R. Rabiner, R.W. Schafer, and
     N. Umeda, "Synthetic voices for computers", IEEE Spectrum,
     7, 22-45 (1970) (B) Accompanying plastic diskette (SSSHP 59).

     SSSHP 99 Tape: "SYNTHETIC VOICES FOR COMPUTERS, BTL, 1970.
          (99.1 syn/human/syn, 3 sen: "We were away ... -7903.")
          (99.2 syn, 4 var smoothing: "We were away a year ago.")
          (99.3 syn, 4 var quantizing: "We were away ... ago.")
          (99.4 syn, 4 var quantizing: "We were away ... ago.")
          (99.5 syn, 8 var pitch & timing: "We were ... ago.")
          (99.6 syn, 4 var concatenation: "We were ... ago.")
          (99.7, syn, 2 var concat., 4 sen: "The number is ... The
          number is 836-1246.")
          Cassette, fair quality, stylus noise, copy of SSSHP 59
                   ****  need copy of master  ****

     SSSHP 82.4 Tape: "THE HUMAN VOICE AND THE COMPUTER, IEEE
          SOUNDINGS, Aug 1, 1971.
          (syn, var smoothing: "We were away a year ago.")
          (syn, various quan:  "We were away a year ago.")
          (syn, changing param: "We were away a year ago.")
          (syn, separate words:  "We. Were. ... Year. Ago.")
          (syn, combined:        "We were away a year ago.")
          (syn, word assembly, without and with juncture
          smoothing: "The is 091-1909.  The number is
          135-3201")
          Commercial cassette, fair quality


1971 Rosenberg, A., "Effect of glottal pulse shape on the quality
     of natural vowels," J. Acoust. Soc. Amer. 49, 583-590
     (1971).  (K)

     Tape ?  ("Few thieves are never ..., Hayed, Hod, Hode, ...")


1971 Rabiner, L.R., R.W. Schafer, and J.L. Flanagan, "Computer
     synthesis of speech by concatenation of formant-coded
     words", Bell System Tech. J., 50, 1541-1558 (1971)  (B,K)
     Analysis of human speech and resynthesis.


1972 Flanagan, J.L., L.R. Rabiner, R.W. Schafer, and J.D. Denman,
     "Wiring telephone apparatus from computer-generated speech",
     Bell System. Tech. J., 51, 391-397 (1972)  (B)

     Tape ?


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WORK TO BE IDENTIFIED


1955 Denes, P.B., "Effect of duration on the perception of
     voicing", J. Acoust. Soc. Amer., 27, 761-764 (1955).  (I)


1970 Denes, P.B., "Some experiments with computer synthesized
     speech", Behav. Res. Meth. & Instru., 2, 1-5 (1970).  (I)


1974 McIlroy, M.D., "Synthetic speech by rule," unpublished
     Technical Memo, Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, NJ (1974).
     Letter-to-sound rules.  (K)


?    LPC encoded concatenated words. who?

     SSSHP 118 "Voice Output From Computers, Course 430, 
              Integrated Computers Systems, 1980."
              (paragraph on predicative logic)
               Cassette, good quality


1984 Anderson, M., J. Pierrehumbert and M. Liberman, "Synthesis
     by rule of English intonation patterns," Proc. ICASSP-84,
     2.9.1-2.9.4 (1984).  (K)